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List of pear cultivars

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Over 3000 cultivars of the pear are known.[1] The following is a list of the more common and important cultivars, with the year and place of origin (where documented) and an indication of whether the pears are for cooking, eating, canning, drying or making perry. Those varieties marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Those varieties marked FCC have gained the Royal Horticulatural Society's First Class Certificate.

Table of pears

[edit]
Common name Synonyms Image Origin First developed and introduced Comment Use and Cold storage[2][3] Harvest (days from full bloom)[4][5][6] and Fireblight susceptibility[7][8] F1 =very resistant, F5 = very susceptible.
Abate Fetel[9] Abbé Fetel France 1869 Scab susceptible. A major cultivar in Italy[10] Eating -1oC 90 days 140–165 F3
Alexander Lucas[11][12][13][14][15][16] Lucas, Lukas, Beurré Alexander Loire et Cher, France 1870, introduced 1874 Triploid eating -0.5oC 120 days. 157 F1
Alfa[17] F1
Ambrosia[18] Indiana, US cross made 1978 Pick mid August. Tolerant to fire blight. eating. 1oC 42 days
Angelys[19] File:Angélys.JPG Angers, France introduced 1999 Parentage Doyenné d' hiver x Doyenné du Comice. Pick 10 days after Doyenne du Comice eating, -0.5o 180 days F4
Angouleme see Duchesse d'Angouleme
Anjou see Beurré D'Anjou
Anjou Red[20] Sport of anjou with a red surface color. Not as vigorous as Anjou.
Ayers United States an interspecific P. communis× P. pyrifolia hybrid
Bambinella Malta
Bartlett see Williams
Bartlett Max Red[20][21] Europe 1945 A red sport of Bartlett. Slightly more fire blight resistant than Bartlett
Bartlett Red Sensation[20][22] Sensation Red Bartlett Australia 1940 A red sport of Bartlett. Tree is slower growing.
Beth England introduced 1974 AGM in 1993. Parentage Beurre Superfin x Williams Bon Chretien.
Beurre d' Anjou[23][24][25][26][27][28] D' Anjou, Beurré Gris, France <1628 eating -0.5oC 150 days 140–165 F2
Beurré d'Arenberg see Glou Morceau
Beurré Bedford[29] Bedford, England Raised 1902, introduced 1921 Parentage Marie Louise x Durondeau Eating in October and November
Bell[30] West Virginia, US cross made 1983 Fire blight resistant. eating
Beurré Bosc see Bosc
Beurré Clairrgeau see Clairgeau
Beurré Diel[31][32][23][28] [27] Belgium <1830 eating -0.5oC 120 days
Beurré Durandeau[33][34] [35][28] De Tongrés, Tongeren, Tongern, Tongre, Durandeau, Durondeau <1823 Pick late September – early October. eating, canning -0.5oC 150 days
Beurré Giffard[36][37][23][20][38][27][28] Giffard Angers, France 1825 Poor keeper eating 100–120
Beurré d'Hardenpont see Glou Morceau
Beurré Hardy [fr][39][40][23][24][41][42][26][27][43][44][45][28][46] Hardy, Beurre Hardy, ge. Gellerts Butterbirne Boulogne-sur-Mer, France[47] c1820, introduced c1840 AGM in 1993. Biennial bearing. Eating -0.5oC 90 days 130–150 F2
Beurré de Mérode see Doppelte Philipp
Beurré Superfin[48][49][23][28][20][27] Angers, France 1837 AGM in 2006. Ripens in late September. Eating
Black Worcester England a cooking pear that keeps well Cooking
Blake's Pride[50] United States cross made 1965, introduced 1998 derived from a cross of US 446 x US 505, made by H.J. Brooks[50]
Blanquilla 'pera de agua' and 'blanquilla de Aranjuez' Spain eating 100–130 F1
Bon Chrétien see Willams
Bonne de Malines see Winter Nelis
Bon Rouge cultivar derived from a rare, spontaneous bud mutation of the green pear cultivar William’s Bon Chretien[51]
Bosc[52][23][53][26][54][55][56][57][58][59] Beurré Bosc, Bosc's Flaschenbirne, Kaiser Alexander Belgium <1807 Good for eating, baking, cooking, broiling, especially poaching. eating, baking -1oC 120 days 150–165 F1
Bristol Cross[60] Bristol, England cross made 1920 Parentage Williams x Conference eating 142
Butirra Precoce Morettini[20][61][26][62] Beurré précoce Morettini [fr] Florence, Italy 1956 Parentage: Coscia x Williams (Bartlett) made by Morettini. Tree is vigorous. Ripens 20 days before Bartlett. One of the best early pears. eating 100–125
Carmen[63][64] Italy cross made 1980, selected 1989, introduced 2000 Pick 18 days before Bartlett. eating
Cascade[65] Oregon, US 1975 A red-skinned pear. Parentage Bartlett Max Red x Doyenné du Comice. eating
Catillac[66][67][28][68][27] Cadillac, De Citrouille, De Bell, Grand-Mogul, Grand-Tamerlan, Monstrueuse des Landes, Pound Pear, Tete-de-Chat France <1665 scab resistant pear for organic gardening. Cooking
Celina[63] QTee Sweden & Norway cross made 1985, selected 1997 Pick 17 days before Conference. Parentage Colorée de Juillet x Bartlett. eating
Charneu, Charneux see Fondante de Charneux
Chojuro[26] Japan 1895 eating 140–155
Churchland
Clairgeau[69][23][20][70][27][71][72][28] Beurré Clairgeau Nantes, France c.1830, introduced 1851 Tree is healthy and productive. Excellent dessert quality. eating, cooking -0.5oC 60 days
Clapp's Favourite[73][74][23][24][20][75][76][77][78][79][80][28] Clapps Dorchester, Massachusetts, US c. 1860, introduced 1867 Susceptible to scab. Very susceptible to fireblight eating -0.5oC 60 days 105–130
Clara Frijs[81] Comtesse Clara Frijs Skensved, Denmark[82] <1858 major cultivar in Denmark Eating
Claude Blanchet Vienne, Isère, France by M BLANCHET[83] 1877[83] Random seedling[83]
Colorée de Juillet[84][27][85] Bunte Juli Rouen, France 1857, introduced 1867 eating 90
Comtesse de Paris[86][87] Paris Eure-et-Loire, France 1884?, 1893? Pick late October. Use December-February eating -0.5oC 180 days 165
Concorde[61][88][89][90] England introduced 1984 AGM in 1993. Susceptible to fireblight. Parentage Doyenné du Comice x Conference
Condo[91] Wageningen, Netherlands 1965 Parentage Conference x Doyenné du Comice -1o C 120 days
Conference[92][93][61][94][95][26][96][97][98][99][100] Rivers' Conference Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire, England 1884, introduced 1894 FCC in 1885. AGM in 1993. Susceptible to fireblight and canker. eating -0.5oC 120 days 160–180 F1
Corella Corella (Forelle) pears Australia late 19th century[101][102] Barossa Valley in southern Australia by German settlers[101]
Coscia[103] Italy <1800 very early maturing cultivar eating 90–120 F1
Curé see Poire de Curé
D'Anjou see Beurré d' Anjou
Delfrap[104] Delbard Premiere France 1955 Preharvest drop. eating
Dessertnaja
Dicolor[105] pick late september eating F4
Don Guindo Spain strong yellow, flavoured taste
Doppelte Philipp[106][107][108] Beurré de Mérode, Doyenné de Mérode, Albertine, Doyenné Boussoch File:20doyennedemerode-Alphonse_Mas,1865.JPG Belgium c.1800, introduced 1819 Pick september. Use November
Doyenné d' hiver see Easter Beurre
Doyenné du Comice[109][110][111][24][20][112][113][26][114][115][116][117][118][119][28] Comice, Vereinsdekant, Offered as "Royal Riviera Pears" by Harry & David Angers, France <1849 FCC in 1900. AGM in 1993. Biennial bearing. Preharvest drop. Vigorous tree, erratic cropper. eating -0.5oC 90 days 150–170 F5
Doyenné de Mérode see Doppelte Philip
Drouard see President Drouard
Dr. Jules Guyot[120][28][121] Troyes, France c1870 Introduced 1875 Scab resistant pear for organic gardening. Poor keeper. eating, 0 C 25 days 105–125 F2
Duchess[122] Dyushes, Dushes England? France? late 18th c.[123] Pick early October eating, canning
Duchesse d'Angouleme[23][24][20][124][28] Angouleme France 1809, introduced 1815 Large tree, bears reulary. Good fire blight resistance. eating 150–170
Durondeau se Beurré Durondeau
Earlibrite
Easter Beurré[125][28] Doyenné d' hiver, Winterdechantsbirne Belgium c1823 Use December- March eating 160–185
Edelcrassane see Passe Crassane
Eden Israel
Eldorado[20] California, US 1945 Very good to excellent quality. Long storage life. Eating, Canning 140–160 F1
Elektra F5
Epine du Mas[126] Belle de Limoges, Beurré Rochechouart, du Mas Rochechouart, France <1847 eating, 0 C 100 days
Flamingo[61] South Africa introduced 1993 Parentage Bon Rouge x Forelle. Flesh: creamy white, soft. eating
Flemish Beauty[23][24][20][28] Fondante des Bois Flanders, Belgium 1810 Hardy to -45 degrees F. Eating, drying 160–180
Fondante d'Automne[127][128][28] France c. 1825 An old Flemish variety raised by Fievee at Maubeuge[129]
Fondante de Charneux[130][131][132] [133][134][28] Charneux, Merveille de Charneu, Köstliche von Charneeux, Légipont, Merveille de Charneu, Waterloo, Charneux, Belgium c1800 Susceptible to fireblight eating -0.5oC 100 days 144
Forelle eating 160–190
Gellert see Beurré Hardy
Gem[63] West Virginia, US cross made 1970, selected 1981, introduced 2014 Pick early September in West Virginia and Oregon. eating
General Leclerc[135][136] Angers, France 1950 ,introduced 1974 Parentage Doyenne du Comice x ? Eating -0.5oC 150 days
Gerburg
Giffard se Beurré Giffard
Glou Morceau[137][138][23][139][27] Beurré d'Hardenpoint Beurré d'Arenberg, Hardenponts Winterbutterbirne Belgium 1750 Use November – December. eating -0.5oC 120 days 170–200
Gourmet[140][141] South Dakota, US cross made 1954, selected 1969 Width 56–74 mm. Flesh: firm, yellow, crisp ,juicy. Pollen-sterile[142] Pick 3rd week in September in South Dakota. eating
Golden Spice Small fruit, very hardy[142]
Gorham[20] New York, US Introduced 1923 Parentage Bartlett x Josephine de Malines. AGM in 2006. Ripens 14 days later than Bartlett
Grand Champion[143] Oregon, US 1936 Bud mutation from Gorham
Grüne Jagdbirne[144] Germany ? <1936 Pick late October. Perry
Hardy see Beurré Hardy
Harobig
Harovin Sundown
Harrow Crisp
Harrow Delight[20] Ontario, Canada Introduced 1982 Hardy in zone 5
Harrow Gold
Harrow Red
Harrow Sweet[141][145][146] Ontario, Canada cross made 1965 F1
Harvest Queen[20][147] Ontario, Canada introduced 1982 Parentage: Williams x(Williams x(Williams x Seckel)) Eating, Canning
Hermann
Herzogin Elsa[148] Elsa Germany 1879 or 1885 Pick late September eating
Hessle[149][28][150] Hazel Yorkshire, England <1827 disease resistant pear for organic gardening eating
Highland[151] US cross made 1944 Parentage Willams x Doyenné du Comise eating
Honeysweet[152] US cross made 1955, selected 1969 Width 55–61 mm, height 61–67 mm. Parentage Seckel x (Vermont Beauty x Roi Carlo de Wurtenberg). Pick early september. Flesh: buttery, sweet, rich. eating
Hortensia[63] Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany introduced 1996 Parentage Nordhäuser Winterforelle x Clapp Favorite. Pick mid to late September. eating
Hosui (豊水) (Pyrus pyrifolia subsp. culta)[141][153][154][155] 'Russet pears', Russet apple pear National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Japan c. 1972 Cider, cooking, eating 135–145
Huntington
Ingeborg[156] Balsgård, Fjälkestad, Sweden 1994 Parentage Conference x Bonne Louise. Triploid. Main pear cultivar in Norway eating
Isolda[157] Susceptible to fireblight eating F2
Jargonell[158][159][23][28][160][161] Bellissme-Jargonelle, Figue d'Été, Grosse-Jargonelle, Sabine d'Été, Vermillon d'Été France <1690 Tree is hardy, healthy and vigouros eating
Jeanne d'Arc[162] Rouen, France introduced 1893 Parentage Diels Butterbirne x Doyenne du Comice eating
Joséphine de Malines[163][164][23][24][165][28][166] Josephine von Mecheln , Mechelen(a.k.a. Malines), Belgium 1830 FCC in 1901. AGM in 1993. Obtained by Esperen, pomologist and mayor of Malines in the 19th century; one of the best late season pears. Pick late October. Use January – March. eating -0.5oC 120 days
Kaiser Alexander see Bosc
Kalle see Starkrimson
Kieffer[23][24][20] United States a hybrid of the Chinese "sand pear", P. pyrifolia and probably 'Bartlett'. Hardy in Zones 4–9. eating, canning, baking 170–190
Kikusui[20] Kikisui Pyrus pyrifolia. Not suitable for shipping. eating
Kosui[141][167] (幸水) Russet apple pear National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Japan c. 1959 the most important cultivar in Japan),[168][169] ('Russet pears')Pyrus pyrifolia subsp. culta Cider, cooking, eating 120–130
La France[170] Vienne, Isere, France 1864
Lategale
Laxton's Superb[171] [172] England Raised 1901, Introduced 1913, Introduced in US 1937 Parentage Beurré Superfin x Bartlett. No longer used due to high susceptibility to fireblight
Le Conte[23][20] Pyrus communis x P. pyrifolia.Vigorous tree.
Liegel[23][173] Liegels Winterbutterbirne Malines, Belgium 1788
Louise Bonne[174][175][23][24][176][54][177][27][178][179][180][181][28][182] Bonne Louise d'Avranches, Louise Bonne d'Avranches, Bonne Louise of Jersey, Gute Louise von Avranches Normandy, France 1778 Scab susceptible eating -0.5oC 120 days 141
Luscious[20] South Dakota, US Introduced 1967 Small-medium Bartlett-like fruit. Hardy in Zone 4[142] eating
Magness[20] Maryland, US Introduced 1960 Hardy in Zone 6–9. Resistant to fire blight.
Maxine[20] Ohio, US Introduced 1923 Hardy in zones 4–8.
Merton Pride England 1941
Moonglow[20] Introduced 1960 Parentage Doyenne du Comice x ? Hardy in zones 5–8. eating, canning
Moorcroft[63][28] Stinking Bishop Colwall, England <1884 Pick mid to late September Perry
Chinese White Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) Nashi
Nashi Asian / Japanese / Chinese / Korean / Taiwanese / sand pear Pyrus pyrifolia
Nijisseiki (二十世紀) name means "20th century", also spelled 'Nijusseiki'[141][183][184][185][26] Green pears Matsudo, Chiba, Japan c. 1888 Green apple pear. (Pyrus pyrifolia subsp. culta) Cider, cooking, eating 140–155
Nordhäuser Winterforelle[186] Nordhausen, Germany introduced 1864 Pick mid-October. Use January – March eating -0.5oC 120 days
Oberösterreichische Weinbirne[187] Austria old Pick mid-October Perry
Oldfield[63][28] Herefordshire, England early 1700s Pick mid to late October. Mill 3–6 weeks after harvest. Perry
Onward[188] National Fruit Trials in Wisley, Surrey 1947 Laxton's Superb x Doyenne du Comice[189] Eating
Orcas[141][190] Washington, US 1966 Cold storage 11 weeks 112–132
Orient[20] United States an interspecific P. communis × P. pyrifolia hybrid. Hardy in zones 5–8. canning
Packham[191][26][192] 'Packham's Triumph' Australia 1896 Parentage Uvedale's St. Germain x Williams. eating -0.5oC 90 days 150–165 F4
Paragon[63] Oregon, US cross made in 1940s Flesh fine-textured with exquisite flavor. Tree vigorous. eating
Parker[20] Minnesota, US Large Bartlett-like fruit[142]
Paris see Comtesse de Paris
Parsonage New Rochelle, New York c. 1857
Passe Crassane[193][194][26][195][28] Rouen, France 1855 A variety developed by M. Boisbunel, a nurseryman from Rouen, France[196] Eating -0.5oC 150 days 180–210 F4
Patten[20] Minnesota, US Hardy to -50 degrees F. Large tender and juicy fruit. Eating, canning
Petersbirne[197] Grosse Petersbirne Germany <1799 Cooking, juice, drying. -0.5oC 30 days
Piérre Corneille[198] France <1895 Biennial bearing. eating
Pineapple[20][199][200] United States an interspecific P. communis × P. pyrifolia hybrid. Hardy in zone 8–9 eating, canning
Pitmaston[201][202][23][24][203][28] Pitmaston Duchess, Williams' Duchess Worcester, England 1841 FCC in 1874 eating, canning
Poire de Curé[204][205][206][207][28] Curé, Bon Curé, Vicar of Winkfield, Pastorenbirne Indre, France 1760 Triploid. Pick October. Use December-January eating, cooking, 0 C 130 days
Potomac[141] US cross made 1961 Parentage Moonglow x Beurrè d' Anjou. Width 65 mm. Pick 2 week after Bartlett. Flesh: buttery, reminding Beurré d'Anjou eating
President Drouard[23][208] Präsident Drouard Angers, France Introduced 1870 Pick mid-October. Use November-January eating
Prècoce de Trévoux[209][210][211] France 1862 Scab susceptible. eating -0.5oC 50 days 105
Precoce Moretini see Butirra Precoce Morettini
Red Clapp's see Starkrimson
Rescue[141] Vancouver, B.C. <1976 Width 75–85 mm. Pick 6 days before Bartlett. Flesh: cream-colored, melting, juicy, reminding Clapp's Favorite. eating, 1oC, 12 weeks
Rocha Pêra Rocha Portugal eating, 0 C 210 days
Robert de Neufville[212] Geisenheim, Germany cross made 1896 Parentage: Auguste Jurie x Clapp's Favourite. Pick late August. Flavour comparable with Doyenné du Comice eating
Rosemarie[141] South Africa cross made 1974 Parentage Bon Rouge x Forelle[213]
Santa Maria[214] Italy introduced 1951 Parentage Williams x Coscia eating
Schweizer Wasserbirne[215] Switzerland ? old Triploid. Juice yield 75–80% juice, drying
Seckel[23][24][216][20][54] [28] Seckle United States, Philadelphia area late 17th century Some fireblight resistance. Hardy in zone 5–8. eating 120–140
Shenandoah[217] Kearneysville, West Virginia, US selected 1985, introduced 2003 Harvest maturity similar to Beurre d' Anjou eating
Shinseki[141][20][26] Hardy in zone 6–9. eating 125–135
Starkrimson[20][218] Kalle, Red Clapp's Michigan Discovered 1939, Introduced 1956 a red-skinned bud mutation of Clapp's Favourite. Its thick, smooth skin is a uniform, bright and intense red, and its creamy flesh is sweet and aromatic.[219]
Stinking Bishop see Moorcroft
Siberian Extremely hardy with inedible fruit, used as a pollinator[142]
Summer Beauty
Summercrisp[141] Minnesota, US Introduced 1987 Cold storage 6 weeks. Crisp texture is similar to Asian Pears, medium sized mildly sweet fruit[142]
Sweet Sensation[220] Rode Doyenné van Doorn Netherlands discovered 1992, introduced 2010 mutation of Doyenne du Comice eating
Taylor's gold New Zealand a russeted mutant clone of 'Comice'
Tongeren, Tongern, Tongre see Beurré Durandeau
Tosca
Trévoux see Prècoce de Trévoux
Triomphe de Vienne[221][222][223][224] Triumph Isère, France introduced 1874 Biennial bearing. eating 156
Tsu Li[225][20] Tse Li Pyrus pyrifolia eating 150–165
Turandot[63] Italy cross made 1980, introduced 2000 Parentage Dr. Guyot x Bella di Giugno. Susceptible to fire blight. eating
Tyson[23][24][20][28] Early Sugar Pear Philadelphia, US 1794 Tree is hardy and fireblight reistant. Hardy in zone 5–8. Pick early August. eating
Ure Morden, Manitoba Juicy, small-medium fruit[142]
Uta[63][226] Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany 1993 Parentage Madame Verte x Beurré Bosc. Pick mid-October eating, ?oC 135 days
Verdi[227] Wageningen, Netherlands 1966
Vicar of Winkfield see Poire de Curé
Virgouleuse
Williams[228][229][23][230][231][26][54][232][233][234][235][28] Williams Christ, Williams' Bon Chrétien
Bartlett (United States)
Red Bartlett (United States)		 Berkshire, England 1770 Susceptible to scab and fireblight. Many are yellow. There are three major red-skinned mutant clones: 'Max Red Bartlett', 'Sensation Red Bartlett', 'Rosired Bartlett' Good for eating, baking, cooking. In a recipe specifying apples, substituting one of these pears can give joy. eating, canning -1oC 60 days 115–135 F3
Winter Nelis[236][237][23][24][20][26][54][28][27] Bonne de Malines, Beurré de Malines, Coloma d' Hiver, Nélis d'Hiver, Malines, Belgium <1818 FCC in 1902. Resistant to fireblight. Eating -1oC 120 days 160–185
Xenia[220] Noiabriskaia Netherlands cross made 1968, selected 2001, introduced 2008 Parentage Triomphe de Vienne x Nicolai Krier. Pick 2 weeks after Conerence. eating, 1oC 90 days.
Ya Li[141][20] Pyrus pyrifolia eating 150–165
Yakumo[20] Pyrus pyrifolia eating

Perry pears

[edit]

Perry pears may be far too sour or bitter for fresh eating, but are used for making perry, the pear equivalent of the alcoholic beverage apple cider. Some pears (especially older ones from the U.S. and Canada) are used for both cider and eating purposes.

[edit]
  • Alexander Lukas
    Alexander Lukas
  • Black Worcester
    Black Worcester
  • Bosc
    Bosc
  • Conference
    Conference
  • Beurré D'Anjou
    Beurré D'Anjou
  • Forelle
    Forelle
  • European Pear
    European Pear
  • Le Conte
    Le Conte
  • Pêra Rocha
    Pêra Rocha
  • Pyrus pyrifolia
    Pyrus pyrifolia
  • Pyrus bretschneideri
    Pyrus bretschneideri
  • Williams (Bartlett)
    Williams (Bartlett)
  • Vicar of Winkfield (Poire de Curé)
    Vicar of Winkfield (Poire de Curé)

References

[edit]
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